ENZYME QUESTION - 1985			L. PETERSON/AP BIOLOGY
   	Describe the chemical compositions and configuration of enzymes and discuss 
	the factors that modify enzyme structure and/or function.

 
  
  STANDARDS:
    maximum points = 20
  
  CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CONFIGURATION
    Proteins/Large Molecules/ Polypeptides/CHONS/CN Terminals (2 max)
    Prosthetic Groups/Metal Atoms/Apoenzyme/Coenzyme/Cofactor (2 max)
    Primary and Secondary with Discussion (2 max)
    Tertiary OR Quaternary with Discussion / Globular (2 max)
    Specificity or "Lock and Key" (1 pt)
    Peptide Bonds/Covalent Bonds for Primary
    Folding to Form a Groove, Active Site (1 pt)
    3D Configuration due to Van der Waal, R group, ionic, etc. (1 pt)
    Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic (1 pt)
                         Maximum = 8
  FACTORS THAT MODIFY ENZYME ACTION AND/OR FUNCTION:
    Temperature = 1      Discussion of Effect on Structure = 1
               Denatures Protein/3D shape altered = 1
               (reaction rate changes)
    pH             = 1   Discussion of Effect on Structure = 1
               Breakage of weak bonds changes enzyme's shape = 1
               Discussion of Effect on Function = 1
          (altering of active site results in inability of substrate to bond at site)
    Allosteric Inhibition     Discussion of Effect on Structure = 1
              = 1   (binding of an effector on an enzymes changes shape of enzyme)
               Discussion of Effect on Function = 1
               (results in activation or inactivation)
    Competitive Inhibition    Discussion of Effect on Function = 1
              = 1   (competitive molecule binds to active site blocking it/NO rx)
          May reverse action by increasing substrate/enzyme concentration = 1                 
    Irreversible or Noncompetitive Inhibition 
                        = 1             Discussion of Effect on Function (binding of molecule blocks 
                          functional groups at active site) = 1
    Activation of an Enzymatic Precursor on structure = 1
               (pepsinogen to pepsin)
               Effect on Functions = 1
               (nonfunctional to active)
    Genetic mistakes Modify Structure/Function of Enzymes = 1
    Feedback Inhibition relative to control = 1
    Induced Fit - binding of substrate to enzyme alters shape = 1
    Amount of substrate to Amount of enzyme - modifies function = 1
    Reversible/Irreversible denaturation = 1
    Factors may change energy of activation = 1
    Ionic Factors affect structure and/or function = 1
    Binding of Effector to speed activation/deactivation = 1
                         Maximum = 12