PLANT SYSTEMS QUESTION 1995:		L. PETERSON/AP BIOLOGY

  Angiosperms (flowering plants) and vertebrates obtain nutrients from their environment in 
  different ways:

(A)  	Discuss the type of nutrition and the nutritional requirements of angiosperms and 
	vertebrates.

(B)	Describe 2 structural adaptations in angiosperms for obtaining nutrients from the 
	environment. Relate structure to function.

(C)	Interdependence in nature is evident in symbiosis. Explain two symbiotic relationships
 	that aid in nutrient uptake, using examples from angiosperms and/or vertebrates.
	(Both examples may be angiosperms, both may be vertebrates, or one may be from
	each group.


  
  A. Types of Nutrtion and Nutrition Requirements:          (MAX = 4 POINTS)
     Angiosperms:                       Vertebrates:
  (1pt)  Autotrophic Described/defined            (1pt)  Heterotrophic Described/defined
  (1pt)  Require (H2O, CO2 + mineral)  <--------three-------->   (1pt)  Require 2 different
  organics + 3rd)
                                            Carbos, fats, prot, Vit, H2O ,
  minerals
          (1 pt) Elaboration   could be either Angiosperms or Vertebrates (1 point max)
               (A)  Use and function of specific element (e.g. K+ and guard cells)
               (B)  Macro/micro concept
               (C)  Citation of 3 more nutrients
               (D)  Process of autotrophy or heterotrophy explored
  B.  Structural Adaptations for Angiosperms     1st 2 structures only     
                                             (MAX = 4 POINTS)
  
         Function   Linked   Structure  Structural Adaptation described
               Stomata        e.g.  pores in leaf or  K+ guard cell function
               Lenticel       e.g.  pore availability / green stems
                              CO2  Mesophyll      e.g.  loosely packed cells or surface area/uptake
            Uptake  Bundle sheath       e.g.  Special conformation around vein or CAM
  
               Roots               e.g.  branched or large surface area
                H2O/mineral   Root hairs          e.g.  increase in surface area/epi-extensions
           Uptake   Endodermis          e.g.  One way   1st membrane
        **Specials**     Carnivorous plants (Nitrogen uptake) (e.g. Pitcher, Venus, Sundew)
               Halophytes (Na/K pump   root cells/Potassium uptake)
               Epiphytes (chelation molecules / nutrient trap)
  C.  Symbiotic Relationships for Nutrient Uptake      1st 2 relationships only
                                             (MAX = 4 POINTS)
  The key to the symbiotic relationship is that the realtionship described by the student must be: 
  (A)  continuing, and (B) highly specific
     (1 point) for the relationship identified
     (1 point) for the benefit to the vertebrate or the angiosperm
  Possible examples are:
  Mycorrhizae  Mistletoe Intestinal Bacteria Nitrogen Fixers     Ruminant Flora
  (1 pt. max) Elaboration   Exception detail   Specifics    Identification
               Types (2) symbiotic relationships described
               Impact on second symbiont
  
  
  Overall Commentary on question:
     The intent of this question was to test a student's understanding of both the nutrient
  requirements and the adaptaions that have been developed to obtain nutrients in Angiosperms
  and Vertebrates. Standards were established to include pertinent and fundamental details as to:
  mode of nutrition, fundamental nutritional requirements, and specific adaptations essential for both
  groups. Part "C" specifically addressed symbiosis as a special relationship in Angiosperms and
  Vertebrates and students were directed to explain two symbiotic relationships. When asked to
  describe two structural adaptations in part B and/or two symbiotic relationships in part C, some
  students gave three or more examples. Since only the first two relationships were considered for
  grading, a third example, even if correct, would receive no points. Each part of this three part
  question was scored at a maximum of 4 points, with the stipulation that a student could not earn a
  10 unless one nutrition point was earned for Vertebrates.